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Growing basil from seed is one of the most rewarding things you can do for your kitchen garden. Whether you are a beginner or have been tending plants for years, knowing how to best plant basil makes a real difference in the quality and flavor of your harvest. In October 2026, we looked at 8 seed packs, guides, and starter kits to help you get the most out of your basil plants. From indoor windowsill setups to outdoor raised beds, the right planting technique and seed choice can turn a simple herb into a thriving centerpiece of your garden.

One common mistake is planting basil seeds too deep or in soil that stays too wet. Basil likes warm soil, consistent moisture, and plenty of light. If you are starting seeds indoors, a good quality seed-starting mix and a sunny spot (or a grow light) are key. For outdoor planting, wait until nighttime temperatures stay above 50°F. Our picks below include seeds from trusted brands like SeedNeeds, SowRightSeeds, Sereniseed and more, plus detailed guides for anyone who wants step-by-step help. If you are also working on other indoor greens, check out our best grow light for microgreens guide for lighting tips that also apply to basil.

1
Prime Best Seller

Unlock the Power of Basil

Denny Permana
9.7 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
This Kindle book by Denny Permana is a thorough guide covering everything from basil varieties and seed germination to advanced indoor and outdoor cultivation, harvesting, and preservation. Ideal for both beginners and experienced gardeners who want a single resource for maximizing basil yield and usage.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Covers both indoor and outdoor growing environments comprehensively.
  • Includes preservation methods like drying, freezing, and infusions for year-round use.
  • Provides troubleshooting guidance for common basil issues.
  • Digital format allows instant access and portability.
  • Written for beginners but includes advanced techniques for experienced gardeners.

Cons

  • X-Ray and Word Wise are not enabled, which may hinder quick navigation for some readers.
  • No reviews yet to gauge real-world reader satisfaction.
  • Limited to digital Kindle format; no print version mentioned.
Detailed Review

"Unlock the Power of Basil" is a digital guide that promises to be the definitive resource for anyone looking to cultivate basil successfully. Written by Denny Permana, this Kindle book targets both novices and seasoned gardeners who want a single reference for growing basil indoors and outdoors. With 158 pages of detailed instructions, it covers the entire lifecycle of basil from seed selection to harvesting and beyond.

The standout feature is its breadth. The guide doesn't just stop at basic planting; it dives into advanced techniques like propagation, season extension, and integration into garden ecosystems. It also devotes significant space to preservation and usage, offering methods like drying, freezing, and making basil salt or infused oils. For health enthusiasts, there's a chapter on basil's medicinal properties and natural remedies. The step-by-step instructions are clear and practical, making complex tasks accessible to beginners.

From a design perspective, the Kindle format offers portability and instant access, but the lack of X-Ray and Word Wise features may limit quick reference for some readers. The enhanced typesetting and page flip support are positive, though the file size of 4 MB is modest. The book's ranking (#5,048,138 in Kindle Store) suggests it hasn't gained traction yet, but the content appears solid based on the description.

A potential drawback is the absence of user reviews, which makes it hard to assess real-world effectiveness. Also, the guide seems to focus on general basil growing without deep climate-specific customization, though it mentions adapting to different climates. Some readers might wish for more visual aids, but the text-based format keeps the price low.

Overall, this is a worthwhile investment for anyone serious about growing basil year-round. It earns a solid 4.5 out of 5 based on its comprehensive coverage and practical advice. If you're looking for a single guide to take your basil cultivation to the next level, this is a strong candidate.

Specifications

ASIN: B0DCYFK92G

Publication date: August 12, 2024

Language: English

File size: 4.0 MB

Print length: 158 pages

Screen Reader: Supported

Enhanced typesetting: Enabled

X-Ray: Not Enabled

Word Wise: Not Enabled

Page Flip: Enabled

Best Sellers Rank: #5,048,138 in Kindle Store

Category: Kindle Store > Herb Gardening, Gardening & Horticulture Herbs, Vegetable Gardening

2
A straightforward 93-page workbook on basil growing, covering everything from soil prep to harvest. Perfect for home gardeners wanting a no-nonsense, budget-friendly reference.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Comprehensive coverage of basil cultivation from seed to harvest
  • Clear, beginner-friendly language
  • Lightweight and easy to carry to the garden
  • Affordable price point for a specialized guide
  • Focuses solely on basil, no fluff

Cons

  • Lacks customer reviews to gauge real-world usefulness
  • May be too basic for experienced gardeners
  • Self-published format might have limited editing
Detailed Review

The Guide to Growing Basil by A. Duller is a compact, 93-page paperback that aims to teach readers how to plant, care for, and harvest excellent basil. The book is self-published and targets home gardeners who want a straightforward reference without unnecessary filler. Given its focus on a single herb, it's ideal for beginners who feel overwhelmed by general gardening books.

The manual covers cultivation techniques, best watering practices, and pruning methods to ensure a bountiful crop. While the content is practical and step-by-step, the lack of customer reviews makes it hard to assess its effectiveness. The book's size (5 x 0.21 x 8 inches) and weight (5.6 ounces) make it easy to take to the garden or read on the go.

One potential drawback is that the guide may not offer advanced insights for experienced basil growers. Also, as a self-published title, the quality of editing and depth of content could vary. However, for the price, it provides a focused, accessible introduction to basil cultivation.

Overall, if you're new to growing basil and want a no-nonsense, affordable manual, this guide is worth considering. Just keep in mind that there are no verified reviews or endorsements yet. It's a solid starting point for your basil-growing journey.

3
Prime Limited Time

Sow Right Seeds Genovese Sweet Basil Seed

SowRightSeeds
9.6 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
Sow Right Seeds Genovese Basil seeds offer high germination rates and grow into robust plants perfect for pesto. Ideal for gardeners seeking reliable, non-GMO heirloom seeds for indoor or outdoor herb gardens.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Consistently high germination rate as reported by customers
  • Fresh seeds that sprout quickly in optimal conditions
  • Easy to grow with detailed instructions included
  • Works well in hydroponic setups like AeroGarden
  • Great value with plenty of seeds for multiple seasons

Cons

  • May take longer to sprout in some hydroponic systems compared to pre-made pods
  • Some plants can bolt early if not harvested regularly
  • Requires well-draining loam soil and full sun for best results
Detailed Review

The Sow Right Seeds Genovese Sweet Basil seed packet is a straightforward choice for anyone wanting to grow their own basil. This isn't a fancy kit or a complicated system: just a generous packet of non-GMO heirloom seeds from a company that takes sustainability seriously. With over 400 seeds, it's plenty for both indoor and outdoor planting.

The standout quality here is the high germination rate. Customers consistently report rates around 90 percent, with seeds sprouting in as little as three to four days when temps are right. The plants grow into sturdy two- to three-foot tall bushes loaded with that classic sweet basil scent. Perfect for making fresh pesto or topping a homemade pizza.

The seeds are versatile enough for traditional garden beds, containers, or hydroponic setups like AeroGarden. Some users noted slightly slower sprouting in hydroponic systems compared to pre-made pods, but they still got good results. The included growing instructions are clear and helpful for beginners.

One honest drawback: if you don't harvest regularly, the plants can bolt (produce flowers) quickly, which changes the flavor. But that's true of most basil varieties. Also, these seeds do best in well-draining loam soil with full sun, so they may not thrive in heavy clay or poor soil without amending.

Overall, Sow Right Seeds delivers a solid product at a fair price. If you're looking for reliable, high-quality Genovese basil seeds that support sustainable farming practices, this packet is an excellent buy.

4
Prime Top Rated

HOME GROWN Non GMO Genovese Basil Seeds

HOMEGROWN
9.8 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
The HOME GROWN Genovese Basil seeds offer excellent germination (often within 2-3 days) and come in a generous pack of over 1,750 non-GMO heirloom seeds, making them perfect for gardeners who want a continuous supply of fresh basil for cooking or hydroponics.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Extremely high germination rate, often within 2-3 days.
  • Large seed quantity for the price, great value.
  • Versatile for both indoor and outdoor gardening, including hydroponics.
  • Non-GMO heirloom seeds sourced from the USA.
  • Strong, healthy plants that produce large, flavorful leaves.

Cons

  • Some users report that seeds may not be as robust when grown outdoors compared to local greenhouse seeds.
  • Packaging is a simple paper envelope, which may not be resealable.
  • Requires heat mat and humidity dome for fastest germination; may be slower without those aids.
Detailed Review

The HOME GROWN Non GMO Genovese Basil Seeds pack offers over 1,750 heirloom seeds for gardeners wanting a reliable source of classic basil. Whether you are a beginner starting an indoor herb garden or an experienced grower looking to refill hydroponic systems, this seed pack delivers quality and quantity.

Customers consistently praise the high germination rate, with many reports of sprouts appearing in just 2 to 3 days under optimal conditions. This rapid growth is a testament to the freshness and viability of these USA-sourced seeds. The generous count of over 1,750 seeds means you can plant multiple batches, share with friends, or continuously harvest basil for months. Plus, they work equally well in soil-based pots or as refills for popular hydroponic systems like AeroGarden and iDOO, saving you money on expensive pre-seeded pods.

The seeds come in a simple paper envelope that is lightweight and easy to store. While not resealable, the pack includes a plant marker and a link to a comprehensive online grow guide. This guide helps growers of all skill levels achieve the best results, from proper planting depth to optimal light and watering schedules. The heirloom nature of the seeds ensures you can save seeds from your harvest for future plantings, a nice bonus for sustainable gardeners.

A few users have noted that outdoor performance may lag behind local greenhouse seeds, especially in less-than-ideal soil or climate conditions. Additionally, for the fastest germination, you will need a heat mat and humidity dome, which adds initial cost if you don't already have them. The paper packaging also lacks a resealable closure, so you may want to transfer leftover seeds to an airtight container.

Overall, the HOME GROWN Genovese Basil seeds offer exceptional value for their price. The combination of high germination, large quantity, and heirloom quality makes them a smart choice for any basil lover. Whether you are making fresh pesto, topping pizzas, or simply enjoying the fragrant leaves in your kitchen, these seeds will deliver consistent results. We highly recommend them for both new and seasoned gardeners.

5
Prime

Sereniseed Certified Organic Herb Seeds (10-Pack)

Sereniseed
9.6 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
This 10-pack of certified organic herb seeds from Sereniseed gives you a solid start on a kitchen garden with high-germination varieties like basil, cilantro, and dill. It's ideal for beginners or anyone wanting reliable, non-GMO seeds for indoor or outdoor planting.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • High germination success – many users report 90-95% sprouting
  • Organic, non-GMO, and heirloom quality
  • Comprehensive variety – covers most popular culinary herbs
  • Great for beginners with included video and printed instructions
  • Responsive customer service – seller often refunds or replaces if problems occur

Cons

  • Some herbs (like lavender) may have lower germination rates
  • Best results require following care instructions – not all seeds sprout equally in every setup
  • Small packet sizes may not be ideal for large-scale planting
Detailed Review

The Sereniseed Certified Organic Herb Seeds 10-Pack is a straightforward, reliable choice for anyone looking to start a kitchen herb garden. With over 7,000 reviews and a solid 4.4-star rating, this pack covers ten of the most popular culinary herbs: basil, cilantro, oregano, thyme, parsley, lavender, chives, sage, dill, and even Thai basil. All seeds are USDA certified organic by Oregon Tilth, non-GMO, and heirloom – meaning they're open-pollinated and can be saved for future planting.

What really sets this pack apart is the attention to quality. Sereniseed stores their bulk seeds in a temperature- and humidity-controlled walk-in cooler, which helps maintain high germination rates. The company also tests each batch for purity and germination before packing, and they back it up with a guarantee: if you have issues, they'll make it right. This is a big confidence booster for first-time gardeners or anyone who's had bad luck with seeds before.

In real-world use, most users report strong results. Many reviewers mention 90-95% germination rates with common herbs like basil, cilantro, dill, and chives. The included seed-starting video and printed tips on each packet make it easy to get started, whether you're planting in soil, a hydroponic setup, or directly in a garden bed. That said, a few users note that some herbs – particularly lavender – can be more finicky and may not germinate as reliably. This is not unusual for lavender seeds, but it's worth knowing if you're counting on that variety.

Overall, this is a well-priced, trustworthy kit for building a home herb garden. It's ideal for beginners or anyone who wants a curated selection of organic, non-GMO seeds without having to hunt down individual packets. The customer service is responsive, the seeds are fresh, and the variety covers all the essentials for cooking. Just don't expect every single seed to sprout – especially with lavender – but the majority will, and the company stands behind their product.

Specifications

Product: Sereniseed Certified Organic Herb Seeds (10-Pack)

Varieties: Thyme, Italian Oregano, Caribe Cilantro, Giant Italian Parsley, English Lavender, Genovese Basil, Broad Leaf Sage, Bouquet Dill, Common Chives, Thai Basil

Certification: USDA Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth

Non-GMO: Yes, all varieties are open-pollinated, non-GMO, and heirloom

Sunlight: Full sun

Hardiness Zones: 2 through 9

Planting: Suitable for indoor and outdoor – spring to summer

Care: Do not overwater; trim plants back every 3 years to promote growth

Dimensions: 10 x 7 x 0.7 inches, weight 1.13 ounces

Buyer Guide

This pack is best for home gardeners who want a simple, curated selection of organic culinary herbs. It's a great gift for beginners or for anyone who wants to start an indoor herb garden on a windowsill or under grow lights. If you're looking for a single variety or larger quantities for a big garden, you might want to buy individual packets instead. For best results, follow the instructions on the back of each packet – especially regarding soaking and light exposure. The seeds are fresh and stored properly, so they should sprout well if you give them the right conditions.

6
Prime

Seed Needs Italian Large Leaf Basil Seeds

SeedNeeds
9.7 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
These basil seeds sprout quickly, often within days, producing large, flavorful leaves perfect for pesto. Ideal for both indoor pots and outdoor gardens, this generous pack offers excellent value for home cooks and herb enthusiasts.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Seeds germinate rapidly, often in under a week.
  • Large, aromatic leaves enhance culinary dishes.
  • Can be grown indoors or outdoors with minimal space.
  • High seed count per packet offers great value.
  • Non-GMO heirloom variety with no chemical treatments.

Cons

  • A small percentage of seeds may not germinate, as noted by a few buyers.
  • As an annual herb, it needs replanting each year.
  • Plants may require thinning or transplanting if sown too densely.
Detailed Review

Seed Needs Italian Large Leaf Basil seeds deliver exactly what home gardeners want: a reliable, fast-growing herb that produces hefty, flavorful leaves. Packaged as a non-GMO heirloom variety, these seeds are untreated and open-pollinated, making them a solid choice for organic-minded growers. With a 4.5-star average from over 650 reviews, the consensus is clear: these seeds sprout quickly and grow into robust plants.

Most reviewers report seeing sprouts within 3 to 7 days, even with minimal fuss like direct sowing into a pot of moist soil. The plants reach 12 to 24 inches tall and spread 12 to 15 inches wide, yielding those signature large leaves that are perfect for pesto, caprese salads, or any Italian recipe. The flavor and fragrance are consistently praised, matching what you'd expect from a top-quality culinary basil.

The packaging is thoughtfully designed: a waterproof, tear-resistant packet with a beautiful illustration, detailed sowing instructions on the back, and a QR code for reordering. This keeps the seeds fresh and makes them easy to store. Seed Needs also includes information on germination, sunlight preferences, and watering needs, which is especially helpful for beginners.

One drawback is that a small number of seeds may fail to sprout, as one reviewer noted, though this happens with most seed lots and is not widespread. Also, because basil is an annual, you'll need to replant each year. But given the generous 1000-seed count, you have plenty to experiment with.

Overall, these basil seeds offer exceptional value for anyone wanting to grow their own fresh herbs. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a newcomer starting an indoor herb garden, Seed Needs delivers a dependable product with fast results and a company mission that gives back.

Specifications

Brand: Seed Needs
Variety: Italian Large Leaf Basil
Seed Count: 1000
Plant Type: Annual herb
Mature Height: 12 to 24 inches
Spread: 12 to 15 inches
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil: Rich, fertile, moderate moisture
Indoor/Outdoor: Both
Features: Non-GMO, Heirloom, Untreated, Open-pollinated
USDA Zones: Suitable for all zones (grown as annual)
Packet Dimensions: 3.5 x 5 inches

7
Prime

Seed Needs Herb Seeds Variety Pack 12 Culinary

SeedNeeds
9.7 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
This Seed Needs herb seed variety pack gives you 12 popular culinary and medicinal herbs including basil, chives, cilantro, and rosemary, all non-GMO and heirloom. Perfect for beginners or seasoned gardeners starting an indoor or outdoor herb garden with fresh, high-quality seeds.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Wide variety of 12 essential herbs included in one affordable bundle.
  • Suitable for both indoor hydroponic setups and outdoor gardens.
  • Non-GMO and heirloom quality promotes sustainable gardening.
  • Detailed sowing instructions on each packet help beginners succeed.
  • Moisture-proof packaging preserves seed freshness over time.

Cons

  • Quantities per individual herb packet may be modest for large gardens (though the variety pack is generous overall).
  • No organic certification listed, which some growers might prefer.
  • Zero customer reviews at time of listing, so actual germination rates are unverified.
Detailed Review

The Seed Needs Herb Seeds Variety Pack is a thoughtfully curated collection of 12 culinary and medicinal herbs, designed for anyone eager to start a home herb garden. Whether you're a complete beginner or an experienced grower, this pack offers a convenient way to grow fresh basil, chives, cilantro, dill, marjoram, oregano, parsley, sage, thyme, borage, summer savory, and rosemary. All seeds are non-GMO and heirloom, meaning you can harvest and save seeds for future planting without worry.

One standout feature is the versatility: these seeds perform well in both traditional outdoor soil and modern indoor hydroponic systems. The moisture-resistant packaging is a practical upgrade from typical paper envelopes, keeping seeds fresh and viable. Each packet also displays an attractive illustration and clear sowing instructions, which is a big help if you're new to gardening or trying a variety for the first time.

In real-world use, the seeds should germinate quickly if sown according to the instructions (1/8 inch deep, moist soil, full sun for basil). The variety pack encourages experimentation with different herbs, and the generous quantities are sufficient for several plantings or sharing with friends. However, note that individual herb amounts are not huge; if you plan to grow large rows of a single herb, you might need additional packets. Also, the absence of an organic certification may matter to some gardeners, though the seeds are free from GMOs and chemical treatments.

Design-wise, the 3.5x5 inch packets are compact and easy to store, with a tear- and moisture-resistant material that outperforms many competitors' offerings. The included varieties are well chosen: from classic culinary staples like oregano and parsley to more unique but useful herbs like borage and summer savory. This collection truly covers the bases for a homestead kitchen garden.

Our verdict: the Seed Needs Herb Seeds Variety Pack is a solid, affordable starting point for growing your own herbs. It balances quality, variety, and ease of use, making it ideal for beginners or anyone wanting a quick way to diversify their garden. Just keep in mind that it's best for moderate-scale growing and that no reviews exist yet, but the brand's reputation and seed quality are generally reliable.

8
Prime

Complete Starter Guide to Fresh Basil: Grow

Abigail Isabeau
7.6 /10
TYG Score
TYG Score is calculated based on product ratings, reviews, and sales performance to help you make informed purchasing decisions. Learn more ›
This 132-page guide covers every basil essential for new gardeners and cooks, from seed starting to harvest and kitchen use. It's a practical, no-fuss resource for anyone wanting to successfully grow their own basil indoors or out.
Pros & Cons

Pros

  • Comprehensive one-stop resource for basil beginners
  • Actionable, plain-language advice with no fluff
  • Includes practical recipes and preservation techniques
  • Covers both indoor container growing and outdoor garden beds
  • Lightweight and portable for easy reference

Cons

  • No customer reviews yet, so real-world feedback is unavailable
  • May feel too basic for experienced gardeners already comfortable with herbs
  • Illustrations are described as beautiful but not specified as full color or photo-rich
Detailed Review

The Complete Starter Guide to Fresh Basil is exactly what its title promises: a no-nonsense handbook for anyone who wants to grow basil from scratch. Written by Abigail Isabeau and self-published as a 132-page paperback, it targets gardening newcomers, home cooks, and wellness enthusiasts who want a single resource to cover everything from soil preparation to harvesting and beyond. The guide is small enough to toss in a tote or keep on a kitchen shelf, making it easy to grab when you need a quick tip.

What sets this book apart is its all-in-one approach. Instead of just telling you how to plant basil, it walks you through every stage of the plant's life. You get clear instructions on choosing the right pot or garden spot, how often to water, how much sunlight your basil needs, and when to prune for bushier growth. The troubleshooting section is particularly helpful for beginners who might face yellow leaves or slow growth. It also goes beyond growing with several recipes (pesto, caprese, infused oils) and preservation methods like drying and freezing, so your harvest doesn't go to waste. The bonus sections on basil's health benefits and DIY remedies add extra value for those interested in natural wellness.

The book's design is straightforward: a compact paperback with dimensions of 5 x 0.3 x 8 inches and a weight of just 5 ounces. The description mentions beautiful illustrations, which should help clarify planting techniques and plant stages. However, without seeing the interior myself, I can't confirm whether the illustrations are in color or how detailed they are. The layout appears clean and beginner-friendly, with step-by-step bullet points and short paragraphs that make scanning easy.

A notable drawback is the lack of customer reviews. As of this writing, the book has no ratings or feedback, so there's no community validation of its accuracy or quality. While the content seems solid based on the description, this absence may make some buyers hesitant. Also, experienced herb gardeners who already know the basics may find the guide too elementary. It's unequivocally aimed at the first-time grower.

Overall, the Complete Starter Guide to Fresh Basil fills a specific niche: it's a practical, portable reference for anyone who wants to start growing basil confidently. If you're new to herbs or want a single book that covers cultivation, cooking, and preservation, this is a sensible choice. Just keep in mind you'll be among the first to test its advice. It's a low-risk investment at the listed price point and could save you from common beginner mistakes.

Have questions about how to best plant basil using these products? Our plant care category page has more tips on soil, watering, and fertilizing that work well for basil and other herbs. For general gardening advice, also see our guide on best plant food for water propagation if you are expanding your indoor garden.

Frequently Asked Questions About Planting Basil

What is the best way to plant basil seeds indoors?
Start basil seeds in small pots or seed trays with a light, well-draining seed-starting mix. Sow seeds about 1/4 inch deep and keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Place the tray in a warm spot (70-80°F) with plenty of indirect sunlight or under a grow light. Seeds usually germinate in 5-10 days. Once seedlings have two sets of true leaves, you can transplant them into larger containers.

How often should I water basil after planting?
Basil prefers even moisture. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. In hot weather, outdoor basil may need watering every day or two. Indoors, check the soil every few days. Overwatering is a common issue that can lead to root rot, so make sure your pots have drainage holes. Using a self-watering planter can help maintain consistent moisture.

How much sunlight does basil need to grow well?
Basil thrives in full sun, ideally 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. If you are growing indoors, place pots in a south-facing window or supplement with a grow light. Without enough light, basil becomes leggy and less flavorful. For indoor setups, a LED grow light with a full spectrum can make a big difference.

Can I plant basil directly in the ground outside?
Yes, but wait until all danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures are above 50°F. Prepare the soil by mixing in compost or a balanced fertilizer. Space plants about 12-18 inches apart to allow air circulation. Planting in well-drained soil is essential to prevent root diseases. Basil also grows well in raised beds or large containers.

How long does it take for basil to be ready to harvest?
Basil is usually ready to harvest in 60-90 days from seed, but you can start picking leaves once the plant has at least 3-4 sets of leaves. Harvest from the top to encourage bushy growth. Regular picking actually promotes more leaves. Avoid harvesting more than one-third of the plant at a time so it can keep producing.